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Introducing the HyKGE Framework This article is based on “HyKGE: A Hypothesis Knowledge Graph Enhanced Framework for Accurate and Reliable Medical LLMs Responses,” a paper coauthored by Xinke Jiang, Ruizhe Zhang, Yongxin Xu, Rihong Qiu, and other researchers at Peking University’s School of Computer Science. HyKGE represents a recent advance in combining knowledge graphs (KGs) with retrieval-augmented generation (RAG). It draws on the deep semantic understanding and knowledge-generation capabilities of large language models (LLMs) while making use of the rich structured information in knowledge graphs. In this way, HyKGE can substantially improve the efficiency of medical-information retrieval while ensuring that its answers are accurate. This breakthrough opens up new possibilities fo ...

Author: Zhang Yixian Reviewer: Shiguang Introduction   Spatiotemporal data are both complex and diverse. Analyzing them can have a major impact on weather forecasting (as with Huawei’s Pangu model), predictions of geological variation and sunspot activity, traffic-light scheduling, bike-sharing deployment, and many other tasks. Their complexity stems from temporal and spatial variation as well as spatial heterogeneity. Their distributions can also be highly extreme, with large numbers of zero values and pronounced long tails.   This article introduces a method that incorporates the Tweedie distribution and the zero-inflated negative binomial distribution to capture zero inflation and long-tail effects in complex spatiotemporal data, then combines them with a spatiotemporal graph neural ...

Author: Zijin   Chinese architectural art has a long history. Through centuries of upheaval, it has continued to be inherited, developed, and renewed, embodying the ingenuity of the Chinese people. As modernization advances, Chinese architects are seeking ways to combine elements of traditional culture with modern design, and distinctive new works have appeared. With technology developing and urbanization accelerating, designers now pay greater attention to incorporating traditional culture into contemporary buildings.   Bridges connect opposite banks and form an essential part of transport infrastructure. They have an important function in modern society and are also a major part of China’s traditional architectural culture. In ancient China, bridges were regarded as cultural relics, as ...

Author: ΔδDelta\Delta\delta DeltaΔδDelta Reviewer: 白烟   Years ago, a science-fiction story titled “Pythagoras: 2.013” became an online sensation, and people still remember it today. A passage at the end invites the imagination to wander: “Do not judge their intelligence from our point of view. Perhaps our own civilization also exists within some larger region of distorted spacetime. Don’t you find the value of pi, 3.1416, an exceedingly strange number too?”   The story does, in fact, contain many flaws, but that does not diminish its literary value. It genuinely inspired many people to study science and mathematics. Even today, it gives us a useful starting point for a brief popular account of the value of pi.   Returning to that evocative line, is pi, π=3.1415926…\pi = 3.1415926 \dots ...

Author: 丛雨 Reviewer: 时光 How many steps does it take to send a probe to Mars? In general, the flight of a probe launched from Earth toward another planet can be divided into three stages: the rocket launches and enters Earth orbit; the spacecraft accelerates onto a new trajectory, escapes Earth’s gravity, and travels toward the target planet; and, after arrival, it either enters orbit around that planet or lands on it. The first and third stages are short but involve many intricate steps and details, while the second takes up most of the journey. Starting from the problems of spacecraft motion and orbital trajectories, this article introduces some basic ideas about celestial motion and orbital maneuvers. The Three Cosmic Velocities We will begin with spacecraft speed. As everyone knows, ...

Author: Thinker Reviewer: I Would you like to have a blog or résumé website of your own? In a corner of the internet that belongs to us, we are free to use our imagination and build a world unlike any other. This article will show you how to create a personal blog or résumé site very quickly and very easily. Create a GitHub Account What is GitHub? GitHub is an open-source code-hosting platform where users can share and manage projects. If you do not yet have a GitHub account, this section will guide you through creating one. If you already have an account, skip ahead to the next section. How Do I Sign Up for GitHub? Open the GitHub website First, open your browser and go to GitHub at https://github.com/. Complete the registration form On the GitHub home page, click “Sign up” in the up ...

The Interstellar Medium Author: 栗小白 Reviewer: 时光 Introduction Our universe contains more than stars and planets. Matter of extremely low density—far thinner than the best vacuum we can create on Earth—pervades interstellar space. Known as the interstellar medium, this material occupies the vast expanses between planetary systems. The Interstellar Medium The interstellar medium consists mainly of gas and dust. In most cases, the elemental abundances in interstellar gas are much like those found in other celestial objects. Most of the gas—roughly 90% or more—is made up of hydrogen atoms or molecules, about 9% is helium, and the remainder consists of heavy elements. We know less about interstellar dust. Evidence from infrared observations suggests that it includes silicates, graphite, ir ...

Author: phy-东西 Reviewer: 时光 Problem Statement   The water-filling theorem solves a fundamental problem in information theory: how to allocate power among AWGN channels so as to maximize total capacity. Suppose there are KKK parallel AWGN channels with mutually independent noise powers σ12,σ22,⋅⋅⋅,σK2σ^2_1,σ^2_2,··· ,σ^2_Kσ12​,σ22​,⋅⋅⋅,σK2​. Given a total power constraint PPP, find the allocation that maximizes the combined capacity of the KKK channels.   Written as an optimization problem: max⁡p1,…,pK∑k=1Klog⁡2(1+pkσk2)s.t.∑k=1Kpk≤Ppk≥0,   k=1,2,…,K(1.1)\begin{aligned} &\max_{p_1, \dots , p_K}\sum^{K}_{k=1} \log_2 \left(1 + \frac{p_k}{\sigma ^2_k}\right)\\ \mathrm{s.t.}&\sum^K_{k = 1}p_k \le P\\ &p_k \ge 0, \ \ \ k = 1, 2, \dots , K\end{aligned} \tag{1.1}s.t.​p1​,…,pK​max​k ...

Author: Boiler-251 Reviewed by: Shiguang The Origin of Boundary-Layer Theory   The concept of “boundary-layer theory” can be traced back to nineteenth-century fluid mechanics. Theoretical fluid mechanics at the time was derived from the inviscid, incompressible Euler equations. Because it ignored viscosity, theory conflicted markedly with experimental results and struggled to explain such problems as pressure drops in pipes. The Navier–Stokes equations, which include friction, had already been proposed, but the mathematics of the period was insufficient to solve them, leaving a vast gulf between theory and reality. Hydraulics was ultimately developed from practical experience, using experimental data to avoid theoretical analysis.   Against this background, Ludwig Prandtl introduced the ...

Author: 栗小白 (SDU) Reviewer: 时光 Preface   Because this is “popular science,” we will not venture into unfathomable black holes, quantum mechanics, or M-theory—though next time I make no promises. Nor will I frighten anyone with indecipherable mathematical symbols or terminology. You can trust me on that, because my own mathematics is not very good. There are not even any formulas, mainly because they are too difficult to print. This article introduces only the most, most, most, most fundamental concepts about stars and the study of them, leaving many other aspects aside. Let us begin. Part 1: Luminosity and Apparent Brightness   As their names suggest, luminosity and apparent brightness both describe how bright a star is. They are related, but they are not the same quantity. Differenc ...